REFLEXOLOGY RESEARCH – URINARY SYSTEM
2023
FATIGUE, HEMODIALYSIS,
The effect of foot reflexology on fatigue in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis study. [Article in Spanish, English, Portuguese] By Seda Şahan, Sevil Güler. Pub. by Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2023 Oct 6:31:e4022. PMID: 37820220 PMCID: PMC10557398 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6804.4022
It was concluded that foot reflexology can be used to reduce fatigue in hemodialysis patients. No information was provided in the investigated studies about the possible side effects and negative effects of foot reflexology. (1) This study found that foot reflexology reduced fatigue levels. (2) The 10-session foot reflexology was the most effective. (3) This study will guide nurses and health workers. (4) Reflexology is one of the non-pharmacological methods used to relieve fatigue.
FATIGUE, PAIN, HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Effectiveness of reflexology and back massage for Hemodialysis patients with back pain and fatigue”-a pilot study. By Prof. C. K. Muralidharan, Dr. P. Senthil, Mr. Gopala Krishnan, Ms. Santhiya. S, Dr. P. Senthil Selvam. Pub. by Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, VOL. 42 NO. 1 (2023)
The study's conclusions showed that hemodialysis patients had less fatigue and pain. A back massage is less helpful than foot reflexology. Reflexology massage is a secure and affordable physiotherapy method for easing fatigue and discomfort in hemodialysis patients.
2022
ANXIETY, HEMODIALYSIS
Assessing the Effectiveness of Foot Reflexology on Anxiety of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Tertiary Care Hospital, Karad, India. By Samir K. Choudhari, Nutan Potdar, , Prabhuswami Hiremath, Dhanraj Kharat. Pub. by Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10, 21 November 2022 , Page 115-127. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/capr/v10/3784B.
In the post-test, the values demonstrated a statistically significant difference in anxiety levels between the experimental and control groups. According to the findings of the study, foot reflexology was efficient in reducing anxiety levels.
FATIGUE, HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
The Influence of Feet Reflexology and Back Massage on Hemodialysis Patients’ Fatigue. By Khamid, A., & Rakhmawati, A. (2022). Pub. by KnE Life Sciences, 7(2), 677–686. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v7i2.10368
It can be concluded that foot reflexology and back massage have an effect on reducing feelings of fatigue in hemodialysis patients.
QUALITY OF SEXUAL LIFE, HEMODIALYSIS
The Effect of Foot Reflexology on the Quality of Sexual Life in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. By Somayeh Zeidabadi, Jaffar Abbas, Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki & Mahlagha Dehghan . Pub. by Sexuality and Disability. Volume 40, pages 567–581. (June 29 2022)
Immediately after the reflexology intervention, the quality of sexual life was significantly higher than in the sham group (p < 0.001). This study highlights the potential benefit from reflexology in improving the quality of sexual life in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME, SLEEP, HEMODIALYSIS
Comparison of the Effect of Reflexology and Swedish Massage on Restless Legs Syndrome and Sleep Quality in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: a Randomized Clinical Trial. By Alireza Ghanbari, Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki, Mahlagha Dehghan, Hossein Mardanparvar, Esmaeil Kargar Dowlat Abadi, Asghar Emami, Esmaeil Sarikhani-Khorrami. Pub. by Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2022 Jun 1;15(2):1-13. PMID: 35686176 PCID: PMC9134478 DOI: 10.3822/ijtmb.v15i2.705.
Reflexology and Swedish massage, as complementary methods, can improve the restless leg syndrome and sleep quality of patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, foot reflexology massage had been more effective.
PAIN, ANXIETY, SLEEP, FATIGUE, HEMODIALYSIS
Effect of Complementary and Integrative Treatments on Fatigue Symptoms in Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review. By Melek Yeşil Bayülgen, Meral Gün. Holist Nurs Pract. 2022 Jan-Feb 01; 36(1):17-27. PMID: 34783697 DOI: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000489
In the literature, acupressure, aromatherapy, reflexology, massage, and yoga practice were found to be applied to hemodialysis patients and be effective in reducing pain and anxiety as well as improving sleep quality. It is recommended that these methods be included in the routine clinical care of patients receiving hemodialysis.
PAIN, HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Effect of Foot Reflexology on Arteriovenous Fistula Access Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. By Seyedeh Faezeh Razavi, Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili, Sakineh Goljarian, Hamid Tayebi Khosroshahi, Mohammad Gholipour, Alehe Seyedrasooli. Pub. by Evidence Based Care Journal, Volume 12, Issue 1
April 2022 Pages 23-30. https://doi.org/10.22038/ebcj.2022.62166.2621
Implications for Practice: It is recommended that foot reflexology be used to reduce the pain of needle entry into the arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients since reflexology is non-invasive nursing care with an easy procedure and effective in pain relief.
2021
RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME, WOMEN, HEMODIALYSIS
Aromatherapy Massage vs. Foot Reflexology on the Severity of Restless Legs Syndrome in Female Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. By Mahbobeh Ghasemi, Nahid Rejeh, Tahereh Bahrami, Majideh Heravi-Karimooi, Seyed Davood Tadrisi, and Mojtaba Vaismoradi. Geriatrics (Basel). 2021 Dec; 6(4): 99. PMCID: PMC8544351 PMID: 34698176
Aromatherapy massage was shown to be more effective than reflexology on the alleviation of RLS severity in female patients undergoing hemodialysis. Adding an essential oil such as lavender to massage therapy is a safe and inexpensive method that may help relieve RLS symptoms. In the reflexology group, no statistically significant difference was reported during the time intervals. However, further research is required to investigate the effect of reflexology on RLS severity.
SLEEP, QUALITY OF LIFE, HEMODIALYSIS, KIDNEY
A nonrandomised pilot study to examine the feasibility and acceptability of reflexology in patients undergoing hospital-based haemodialysis (solitude study). By Michael Matthews, Claire Carswell, Avril Redmond, Stephanie Bolton, Kim Murphy, Robert Mullan, Helen McAneney, Clare McKeaveney, Helen Noble. J Ren Care. 2021 Dec; 47(4):255-264. PMID: 33951306 DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12372.
There was an increase in the mean scores examining the total physical health and mental health components of the SF-12 Health Survey. All corresponding p values were statistically significant following the intervention. The mean total sleep score postintervention signified positive changes in sleep quality, with the corresponding p values being statistically significant. The study established the feasibility of the intervention and the benefits for patients undergoing haemodialysis. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrated the possibility of recruiting and retaining patients undergoing haemodialysis to a reflexology study. The study did not impact the haemodialysis routine and was positively received. The intervention showed statistically significant improvements in patients' HRQOL and sleep quality.
SEXUAL FUNCTION, HEMODIALYSIS, KIDNEY, MEN
Effect of Foot Reflexology on Sexual Function of Patients under Hemodialysis: A Randomized Parallel Controlled Clinical Trial. By Somayeh Zeidabadinejad, Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki, Mahlagha Dehghan. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 21; 2021:8553549. PMID: 34721645 PMCID: PMC8553438 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8553549
The results showed that immediately after the intervention, male orgasm function, sexual desire, and intercourse satisfaction in the reflexology group was significantly higher than those of the sham group. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding erectile function and overall satisfaction. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of different aspects of female sexual function. Conclusions: Foot reflexology, as an effective intervention treatment, can reduce some aspects of sexual dysfunction of male patients under hemodialysis.
FATIGUE, HAND & FOOT MASSAGE, HEMODIALYSIS
The effect of hand and foot massage on fatigue in hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial. By Sultan Çeçen, Diğdem Lafcı. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021 May; 43:101344. PMID: 33714863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101344
Hand and foot massage were found to reduce fatigue in patients receiving hemodialysis.
PRURITIS (ITCHING SKIN), HEMODIALYSIS, KIDNEY
The effect of foot reflexology massage on pruritus in hemodialysis patients. By Azar Shahriari, Hamed Sarani, Sara Sheikh, Azizollah Arbabisarjou. J Educ Health Promot. 2021 Feb 27; 10:81. PMID: 34084828 PMCID: PMC8057181 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_494_20
Our findings showed that the foot reflexology massage could relieve itching or pruritus in hemodialysis patients. It is, therefore, recommended that it can be used as an effective intervention technique to alleviate itching in hemodialysis patients.
URINARY RETENTION, CESAREAN SECTION, VOIDING TIME, MATERNAL SATISFACTION, WOMEN
The effect of complementary medicine on maternal health promotion: An experimental study. By Hafizi L, Razmjoo N, Yousefi F, Azizi H. Pub. by J Educ Health Promot. 2021 Jan 28;10:26. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_961_20. PMID: 33688535; PMCID: PMC7933667.
It seems that the use of foot reflexology as a nursing care plan to prevent urinary retention after cesarean section without urinary catheter does shorten first voiding time and increase maternal satisfaction.
2020
PAIN, FATIGUE, SLEEP, KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION SURGERY
Effect of Foot Reflexology on Pain, Fatigue, and Quality of Sleep after Kidney Transplantation Surgery: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial. By Atena Samarehfekri , Mahlagha Dehghan , Mansoor Arab, Mohammad Reza Ebadzadeh. Pub. by Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 Aug 1;2020:5095071. PMID: 32831868 PMCID: PMC7421603 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5095071
Foot reflexology may reduce pain and fatigue and improve sleep quality of patients after kidney transplantation.
INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS, ANXIETY, BLADDER PAIN, QUALITY OF LIFE
Foot Reflexology and Interstitial Cystitis - A Case Study. By Grace Beck, LMT, RMT, CALC, ERYT500 Certified Hand & Foot Reflexologist. Pub. by the Academy of Ancient Reflexology. Jan. 2020 www.AcademyofAncientReflexology.com
Subject’s journal entries consistently reported a very relaxed feeling and reduction of anxiety after each reflexology session. Journaling also noted a continued effect for up to three days after each session. Subject saw a decline in perceived anxiety levels as well as bladder pain with a peak toward mid-week, which may be an indicator of the IBS flare subject was experiencing at the time. In addition, QOL ratings indicate a slight increase from beginning of sessions to end of the series.
2019
NAUSEA, HEMODIALYSIS, KIDNEY
Reflexology as an adjunctive nursing intervention for management of nausea in hemodialysis patients: A randomized clinical trial. By Vahid Naseri-Salahshour, Mahbobeh Sajadi, Ahmadreza Abedi, Andrew Fournier, Naser Saeidi. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019 Aug;36:29-33. PMID: 31383439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.04.006
The results showed that reflexology had a positive effect on reducing the severity of nausea in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, reflexology is recommended as part of nursing care to reduce patient suffering.
BLADDER CANCER, PAIN, CYSTECTOMY PATIENTS
Massage and reflexology for post-operative cancer cystectomy patients: Evaluation of a pilot service. By Natalie Silverdale, Mark Wherry, Alison Roodhouse. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019 Feb; 34:109-112. PMID: 30712712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.11.010
The findings of this pilot evaluation very tentatively support the benefits of cancer cystectomy patients receiving massage and/or reflexology in their acute postoperative recovery period. There are many limitations to this evaluation. Further research utilising a randomised control methodology alongside medical, independent markers is warranted, and currently in development.
2018
ENURESIS NOCTURIA, ADHD, CHILDREN
A case study: Effects of foot reflexotherapy on ADHD symptoms and enuresis nocturia in a child with ADHD and enuresis nocturia. By Senol Dane, Menizibeya O Welcome. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018 Nov; 33:139-141. PMID: 30396612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.10.003
Foot reflexotherapy was effective in improving inattention, hyperactivity in the child with ADHD. The results of this novel study suggest that foot reflexotherapy can be effective in treating ADHD child with enuresis nocturia.
SLOW STROKE BACK MASSAGE, FATIGUE, HEMODIALYSIS
"Effect of foot reflexology and slow stroke back massage on the severity of fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A semi-experimental study" By Ahmadidarrehsima, Sudabeh, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Ebrahimi, Hossein, Keramati, Maryam and Dianatinasab, Mostafa. Pub. by Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, vol. 15, no. 4, 2018, pp. 20170183. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2017-0183
The result of this study showed that reflexology massage is a safe and economical nursing intervention for decreasing fatigue in hemodialysis patients.
2016
OVERACTIVE BLADDER, DEPRESSION, QUALITY OF LIFE, WOMEN
Effect of Reflexology to Depressive Symptoms in Women With Overactive Bladder. By Yasemin Aydın Kartal, Ergul Aslan, Onay Yalcin. September 2016. Holistic Nursing Practice 30(5):294-300. DOI: 10. 1097 /HNP .0000000000000166
Study findings included in the study showed foot reflexology as a part of overactive bladder treatment relieved urinary and depressive symptoms and had a positive effect on quality of life.
BACK MASSAGE, FATIGUE, SLEEP QUALITY, HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
The effect of foot reflexology and back massage on hemodialysis patients' fatigue and sleep quality. By Kevser Sevgi Unal, Reva Balci Akpinar. Pub. by Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. Volume 24, August 2016, Pages 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.06.004
Foot reflexology and back massage were shown to improve the sleep quality and reduce the fatigue of hemodialysis patients. Compared to back massage, foot reflexology was determined to be more effective.
RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME, HEMODIALYSIS
The effects of two methods of reflexology and stretching exercises on the severity of restless leg syndrome among hemodialysis patients. By Nahid Shahgholian, Shahrzad Khojandi Jazi, Jahangir Karimian, and Mahboubeh Valiani. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016 May-Jun; 21(3): 219–224. PMCID: PMC4857654 PMID: 27186197
Our obtained results showed that reflexology and stretching exercises can reduce the severity of restless leg syndrome. These two methods of treatment are recommended to the patients.
2014
UROSCHESIS (ABNORMAL RETENTION OF URINE)
Foot Reflexology and Uroschesis - A Case Study. By Michelle A. Collins Florida-licensed Massage Therapist, Certified Hand & Foot Reflexologist. Pub. by Academy of Ancient Reflexology, Saint Augustine, Florida, USA.
Based on the changes in urine color and odor, the Subject’s mother shared that she believed the Reflexology treatments helped move congestion out of her son’s urinary system. This study indicates that further Reflexology treatment combined with increased water consumption will support the Subject’s ability to build his urine output
2013
PAIN, CRAMPS, FATIGUE, HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
The effect of reflexology applied on haemodialysis patients with fatigue, pain and cramps. By Gülistan Ozdemir, Nimet Ovayolu, Ozlem Ovayolu. Int J Nurs Pract. 2013 Jun; 19(3):265-73. PMID: 23730858 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12066
It was determined that reflexology reduced the fatigue subscale scores and total scale scores as well as pain and cramp mean scores in the intervention group. The research results revealed that the severity of fatigue, pain and cramp decreased in patients receiving reflexology.
2007
IDIOPATHIC DETRUSOR OVERACTIVITY, URINARY BLADDER, WOMEN
Randomized controlled trial of foot reflexology for patients with symptomatic idiopathic detrusor overactivity. By Ho-Leung Jimmy Mak, Willy Cecilia Cheon, To Wong, Yu Sun John Liu, Wai Mei Anny Tong. Pub. by Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2007 Jun;18(6):653-8. PMID: 17003953 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-006-0222-7
2006
IDIOPATHIC DETRUSOR OVERACTIVITY (OVER ACTIVE BLADDER), WOMEN
Effects of Foot Reflexology on Patients with Symptomatic Idiopathic Detrusor Overactivity. By Yau, K., Mak, HL, Cheon WC., Wong T., Liu YS., Tong, WM., International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction, 2006 Sep 27.
Foot reflexology was shown to be more effective than non-specific foot massage in reducing daytime micturition frequency for patients with idiopathic detrusor overactivity.
BLADDER, WOMEN,
Randomized controlled trial of foot reflexology for patients with symptomatic idiopathic detrusor overactivity. By Ho-Leung Jimmy Mak, Willy Cecilia Cheon, To Wong, Yu Sun John Liu, Wai Mei Anny Tong. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2007 Jun;18(6):653-8. PMID: 17003953 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-006-0222-7.
There was significant change in the number of daytime frequency in the reflexology group when compared with the massage group. In the reflexology group, more patients believed to have received "true" reflexology. This reflects the difficulty of blinding in trials of reflexology. Larger scale studies with a better-designed control group and an improved blinding are required to examine if reflexology is effective in improving patients' overall outcome.
2004
CRAMP, HEMODIALYSIS, KIDNEY
Effectiveness of foot reflexology on cramp in hemodialysis patients. By K.K.Yu, Y.Y.Tse, J.C.F.Ho, F.S.Y.Wong, Y.L.Cheng, A.W.Y.Yu. Hong Kong Journal of Nephrology, Volume 6, Issue 2, October 2004, Page A3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1561-5413(09)60138-1
Reflexology reduced cramp incidences during hemodialysis and at interdialytic period. It also helped to relieve cramp during hemodialysis. However, this is a pilot study and more data is required to substantiate the results.
SENSORY URGENCY, URINARY TRACT, PROSTATE
Acupuncture reflexotherapy in the treatment of sensory urgency that persists after transurethral resection of the prostate: a preliminary report. By Luigi Ricci, Daniele Minardi, Marco Romoli, Andrea B Galosi, Giovanni Muzzonigro. Neurourol Urodyn. 2004; 23(1):58-62. PMID: 14694459 DOI: 10.1002/nau.10105
This study has pointed out that acupuncture reflexotherapy has a real benefit in patients with sensory urgency (lower urinary tract symptoms) that persists after transurethral resection of the prostate.
1999
RENAL BLOOD FLOW, URINARY
Changes of renal blood flow during organ-associated foot reflexology measured by color Doppler sonography. [Article in German]. By I Sudmeier, G Bodner, I Egger, E Mur, H Ulmer, M Herold. Forsch Komplementarmed. 1999 Jun; 6(3):129-34. PMID: 10460981 DOI: 10.1159/000021238
The significant decrease of the resistive index during foot reflexology in the verum group indicates a decrease of flow resistance in renal vessels and an increase of renal blood flow. These findings support the hypothesis that organ-associated foot reflexology is effective in changing renal blood flow during therapy.
1998
NOCTURNAL ENURESIS (BEDWETTING), CHILDREN
Treating Childhood Nocturnal Enuresis with Reflexology. By Sietam, K. S. and Eriksen, L., Ugeskrift for Laeger 1998 (Journal of Danish Medical Doctors), Vol. 160, pages 5654-5636.
The use of reflexology in the volume and frequency administered over the study period did not significantly reduce enuresis nocturna in the targeted group.
WELL-BEING, SLEEP, PAIN, CATHETER REMOVAL, WOMEN
Foot reflexology: an intervention study. [Article in German]. By A Kesselring, E Spichiger, M Müller. Pflege. 1998 Aug; 11(4):213-8. PMID: 9775925
Results show that women in the foot reflexology group were more able to void without problems, after the indwelling catheter had been removed, than did women in the comparison groups. There was also a tendency in the foot reflexology group for the indwelling catheter to be removed earlier than in the other groups. In comparison, the foot reflexology subjects slept worse than the others. Foot massage showed significant results in subjective measurements of well-being, pain and sleep.
URINARY RETENTION, ACUPRESSURE,
Analysis of Therapeutic Effect of Reflexotherapy in Treating 100 Cases of Urinary Retention after Hemorrhoid and Fistula Operations. By Liu, A., and Liu, H., 1998 China Reflexology Symposium Report, Beijing: China Reflexology Association, pages 27-28.
Foot reflexology, in conjunction with acupressure, was found to be effective for the relief of urinary retention.
UROSCHESIS (INABILITY TO URINATE), BRAIN SURGERIES
Clinical Observation on Treatment of 40 Cases of Uroschesis with Reflexology. By Lin, C., 1998 China Symposium Report, Beijing: China Reflexology Association, pages 52-53.
Stimulation of foot reflexes was found to be effective for producing excretion of urine after cranial surgery.
ANURESIS (INABILITY TO URINATE), WOMEN
Three Cases of Anuresis Treated with Electrotherapy on Foot Reflex Areas. By Gong, X., 1998 China Reflexology Symposium Report, Beijing: China Reflexology Association, page 93.
Foot reflexology, in conjunction with electrotherapy, was found to be effective for the relief of anuresis, urination.
1996
REFACTORY UROSCHESIS (PAINFUL URINARY RETENTION), WOMEN
Refractory Uroschesis Cured with Foot Reflexo-therapy - A Case Report. By Wu, J., 1996 China Reflexology Symposium Report, Beijing: China Reflexology Association, pages 52-53.
Foot reflexology was found to be effective for the relief of refractory uroschesis or painful urinary retention.
URETER OR KIDNEY STONES, LUMBAR PAIN, LITHOTROPHY
Foot Reflexology as an Accessory Treatment after External Lithotrity. A Clinical Observation of 46 Cases. By Ying, X., and Chen, Y., 1996 China Reflexology Symposium Report, Beijing : China Reflexology Association, pages 58-60.
Foot reflexology was found to be effective for the relief of renal or ureter calculus as an accessory treatment to external lithotrity.
BARTHOLIN’S GLAND CYST, PAIN, BLOOD PRESSURE, SLEEP, WOMEN
Treatment of Bartholin's Gland Cyst with Foot Reflexo-Therapy. By Xu, L., 1996 China Reflexology Symposium Report, Beijing: China Reflexology Association, pages 86-87.
Foot reflexology was found to be effective for the relief of symptoms of Bartholin's Gland Cyst.
GOUT, MEN, SENIORS
Treatment of Gout with Foot Reflexology. By Li, R. 1996 China Reflexology Symposium Report, Beijing : China Reflexology Association, pages 95-96.
Foot reflexology was found to be effective for the relief symptoms associated with gout.
URINARY BLADDER TUMOR, BLOOD CIRCULATION,
Foot Massage in the Treatment for Bilateral Leg Circulation Disturbance. By Wu, Y., and Li, Z. , 1996 China Reflexology Symposium Report, Beijing : China Reflexology Association, pages 97-98.
Foot reflexology was found to be effective for the relief of bilateral leg circulation disturbance.
GOUT, SENIORS
Observation on the Therapeutic Effect of 15 Cases of Gout Treated with Foot Reflexotherapy. By Wu, Z. 1996 China Reflexology Symposium Report, Beijing: China Reflexology Association, pages 104-109.
Foot reflexology was found to be effective for the relief of gout.
URINARY TRACT INFECTION,
Clinical Observation on Treatment of Infection of Urinary Tract by Foot Massage (with a study group of 24). By Yu-lian, Zao, 1996 Beijing International Reflexology Conference (Report), China Preventive Medical Association and the Chinese Society of Reflexology, Beijing, 1996, p. 17.
Foot massage was found to be effective in treating urinary tract infection.
1995
ENURESIS (BEDWETTING), CHILDREN
Reflexology Research into Enuresis Nocturna/Bed Wetting 2. By Eriksen, L., Danish Reflexologists Association Research Committee Report, 1995, first reported in 1991.
Foot reflexology can help to reduce incident or severity of bedwetting in children.
1994
URINARY INCONTINENCE, WOMEN
Reflexology in Treating Congenital Urinary Incontinence - A Case Report. By Wang, H., 1994 China Reflexology Symposium Report, Beijing: China Reflexology Association, page 76.
Foot reflexology was found to be effective for the relief of congenital urinary incontinence.
LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS NEPHRITIS, WOMEN
Treatment of Lupus Erythematosus Nephritis with Foot Reflex Zone Massage. By Li, L. 1994 China Reflexology Symposium Report, Beijing: China Reflexology Association, page 80.
Foot reflexology was found to be effective for the relief of the symptoms associated with lupus erythematosus nephritis
GOUT, MEN
Treatment of Gout with Foot Reflexomassage. By Xuan, W. 1994 China Reflexology Symposium Report, Beijing: China Reflexology Association, pages 114-116.
Foot reflexology was found to be effective for the relief of gout.
1993
URETER & KIDNEY STONE ATTACKS
Reflexology use in ureter and kidney stone attacks. By Eriksen, L. FDZ Magazine ‘Zoneterapeuten’ No 6, 1993.
With kidney stones, 9 out of 10 patients experienced complete pain relief after treatment. Pain relief lasted more than an hour, and in 5 of the patients more than 4 hours. Reflexology treatment of acute ureterolithiasis has a pain relieving effect, and when compared to Baralgin (a commonly administered analgesic), the findings revealed that reflexology works faster at alleviating pain although the effects last for a shorter duration.