REFLEXOLOGY RESEARCH – SLEEP

2024

MENOPAUSE, STRESS, SLEEP, AURICULAR ACUPRESSURE, WOMEN

The Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Menopausal Symptoms, Stress, and Sleep in Postmenopausal Middle-Aged Women: A Randomized Single-Blind Sham-Controlled Trial. By Bomi Kim, Hyojung Park. Pub. by J Midwifery Womens Health. 2024 Jan-Feb;69(1):41-51. PMID: 37549976 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13554

This study demonstrated that auricular acupressure is effective in improving menopause symptoms, stress, and sleep in postmenopausal middle-aged women. Therefore, auricular acupressure may be a useful nonpharmacologic intervention for alleviating these symptoms in this population.

2023

BLOOD PRESSURE, STRESS, SLEEP, HYPERTENSION, SENIORS, AURICULAR ACUPRESSURE

The effects of auricular acupressure on blood pressure, stress, and sleep in elders with essential hypertension: a randomized single-blind sham-controlled trial. By Bomi Kim, Hyojung Park. Pub. by Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2023 Sep 5;22(6):610-619. PMID: 36594992 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvad005

The findings showed that auricular acupressure leads to improvements in blood pressure, stress, and sleep in elderly people with essential hypertension. Therefore, auricular acupressure can be used as an alternative nursing intervention for hypertension prevention, stress, and sleep management.

SLEEP, BENSON RELAXATION TECHNIQUE, SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE,

Comparison of the Impacts of Benson Relaxation Technique and Foot Reflexology Massage on Sleep Quality of Patients with Systolic Heart Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial. By Masoumeh Emami Bakavoly, Moosa Sajjadi, Reza Ghasemi, Hosein Ajamzibad. Pub. by Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2023 Jul 24;28(4):448-454 PMID: 37694200 PMCID: PMC10484392 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_332_21

After interventions, the mean quality of sleep significantly increased in both intervention groups: Reflexology and Benson relaxation, compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between the two intervention groups. The interventions improved the quality of sleep in patients with systolic heart failure. Therefore, these methods can be used as a suitable complementary treatment to improve the quality of sleep by nurses and midwives.

FOOT MASSAGE, CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, EDEMA, SLEEP

The Effect of Foot Massage Applied to Patients With Congestive Heart Failure on Peripheral Edema and Sleep Quality: A Randomized Controlled Study. By Gürcan Solmaz. Pub. by Holist Nurs Pract. 2023 May-Jun;37(3):143-152. PMID: 37070839 DOI: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000581

Statistically significant improvements were found in peripheral edema and sleep quality levels of the intervention group compared with the control group, starting from the fourth session of the foot massage application (P < .001).

PAIN, SLEEP, OSTEOARTHRITIS, SENIORS, AURICULAR ACUPRESSURE

Effects of auricular acupressure on sleep and pain in elderly people who have osteoarthritis and live in nursing homes: A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial. By Won Jin Lee, Hyojung Park. Pub. by Explore (NY) . 2023 Mar-Apr;19(2):214-222. PMID: 35835645 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2022.07.001

Auricular Acupressure can be used as an effective intervention to improve the sleep of the elderly living in nursing homes, and it can also reduce the pain.

INSOMNIA, DEPRESSION , PERIMENOPAUSAL, MENOPAUSAL, POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Effects of different physiotherapy modalities on insomnia and depression in perimenopausal, menopausal, and post-menopausal women: a systematic review. By Lialy, H.E., Mohamed, M.A., AbdAllatif, L.A. et al. Pub. by BMC Women's Health 23, 363 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02515-9

Reflexology, yoga, walking and aromatherapy massage showed an overall significant impact on decreasing insomnia and depression in menopausal women.

ANXIETY, PAIN, DISTRESS, SLEEP QUALITY, PALLIATIVE CARE

The effects of foot reflexology on symptoms of discomfort in palliative care: a feasibility study. By Marie Lavarelo Marcolin, Andréa Tarot, Véronique Lombardo, Bruno Pereira, Axelle Van Lander & Virginie Guastella. Pub, by BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. Volume 23, Article number: 66 (2023)

This study confirms the feasibility of an Foot Reflexology session for patients hospitalized in a Palliative Care Unit. It resulted in a slight improvement in sleep quality. For other discomfort symptoms such as anxiety, pain and distress, foot reflexology yielded a non-significant improvement. Significant results would have needed a larger cohort.

HEAD & FACIAL MASSAGE, SLEEP, CORONARY SURGERY

The effect of head and facial massage on sleep condition after coronary artery bypass graft surgery By Masoumeh Rajabi Ozudi, Masoumeh Bagheri-Nesami, Javad Setareh, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Valiollah Habibi, Kiarash Saatchi. Pub. by Traditional Medicine Research 2023;8(4):24. https://doi.org/10.53388/TMR20220117002

Head and facial massage is an effective nursing intervention in improving the sleep condition of patients after coronary artery bypass graft. Due to the fact that head and face massage is an easy method and brings patient satisfaction, it is recommended to use this method as a suitable supplement for drug therapy and postoperative interventions in these patients.

2022

PAIN, ANXIETY, SLEEP QUALITY, PASSIVE MUSIC THERAPY, BURN DRESSING

The effect of reflexology massage and passive music therapy intervention before burn dressing on pain, anxiety level and sleep quality. By A. Kabuk, M. Şendir, G. Filinte. Pub. by Burns, Volume 48, Issue 7, November 2022, Pages 1743-1752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2021.10.012

Our results showed reflexology massage and passive music therapy before burn dressing reduced pain and anxiety level, and increased sleep quality.

JOINT PAIN, FATIGUE, SLEEP DEPRIVATION, RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, HAND REFLEXOLOGY

Effect Of Hand Reflexology Massage On Pain, Fatigue And Sleep Deprivation In Patients Suffering From Rheumatoid Arthritis. By Sunil Kumar Sharma , Gurjar N. R. (2022). Pub. by Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 4633–4636. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.S08.599

The study result findings revealed that there was significant reduction in joint pain, fatigue and sleep deprivation after administration of hand reflexology( p=0.005). Hand reflexology can be considered an effective intervention in reducing level of pain, fatigue and sleep deprivation among rheumatoid arthritis patients.

SLEEP QUALITY, COLORECTAL CANCER PATIENTS, CHEMOTHERAPY

Effect of Reflexology on the Quality of Sleep in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Clinical Trial Study. By Behnam Abedini, Mahnaz Ilkhani, Hesam Gholamzadeh, Ahmad Ameri, Nezhat Shakeri, Ali Mohammad Abadi. Pub. by Evidence Based Care, 12(1), 31-39. doi: 10.22038/ebcj.2022.61896.2607.

Based on the obtained results, foot reflexology massage improves sleep quality in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to implement educational and supportive interventions, such as foot reflexology to assess the sleep quality of cancer patients and determine its compliance with standard tools that are designed to improve sleep quality and quality of life in these patients.

QUALITY OF LIFE, SLEEP, OBESITY HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME, SENIORS

Comparing the influence of foot reflexology and fasting mimicking diet on quality of life and sleep quality in obesity hypoventilation syndrome. By Rana Hesham Mohamed Elbanna, Sherif Osama Abdelsalam Elabd, Salma Ibrahim Abdelmohsen Alghitany. Pub. by J Complement Integr Med. 2022 Sep 30. PMID: 36173670 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0172.

Reflexology and a fasting-mimicking diet were found to have a substantial impact on enhancing the quality of life and sleep in people with obesity hypoventilation syndrome.

ANXIETY, FATIGUE, SLEEP, POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

The impact of foot massage given to postmenopausal women on anxiety, fatigue, and sleep: a randomized-controlled trial. By Gökbulut, Nilay PhD; Ibici Akça, Emine PhD; Karakayali Ay, Çiğdem MSc. Pub. by Menopause: Sept. 20, 2022 - Volume - Issue - 10.1097/GME.0000000000002062 doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000002062

It was determined that foot massage applied during menopause increases the average daily sleep duration (hours) and reduces women's fatigue and anxiety levels.

RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME, SLEEP, HEMODIALYSIS

Comparison of the Effect of Reflexology and Swedish Massage on Restless Legs Syndrome and Sleep Quality in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: a Randomized Clinical Trial. By Alireza Ghanbari, Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki, Mahlagha Dehghan, Hossein Mardanparvar, Esmaeil Kargar Dowlat Abadi, Asghar Emami, Esmaeil Sarikhani-Khorrami. Pub. by Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2022 Jun 1;15(2):1-13. PMID: 35686176 PCID: PMC9134478 DOI: 10.3822/ijtmb.v15i2.705.

Reflexology and Swedish massage, as complementary methods, can improve the restless leg syndrome and sleep quality of patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, foot reflexology massage had been more effective.

SLEEP, CONSTIPATION, SENIORS, RESIDENTIAL NURSING FACILITIES, AROMA FOOT MASSAGE

Effects of Aroma Foot Massage on Sleep Quality and Constipation Relief among the Older Adults Living in Residential Nursing Facilities. By Jung-In Kang, Eun-Hye Lee, Hyeon-Young Kim. Pub. by Int J Environ Res Public Health. May 4;19(9):5567.. PMID: 35564962 PMCID: PMC9105728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095567

We recommend that aroma foot massage be used as a complementary intervention in combination with drug-based treatment to improve sleep quality and relieve the constipation symptoms experienced by older adults living in nursing facilities.

SLEEP QUALITY, SOAKING FEET IN WARM WATER, RADIOTHERAPY PATIENTS

Comparison of the effect of soaking feet in warm water and foot reflexology on sleep quality of patients undergoing radiotherapy: A randomized clinical trial. By Mahla Rajabzadeh, Seyed Reza Mazloum, Samira Mohajer, Hamidreza Bahrami Taghanaki. Pub. by J. of Hayat. Volume 28, Issue 2 (6-2022).

Foot reflexology and soaking feet in warm water improve sleep quality in patients undergoing radiotherapy but foot reflexology is more effective in improving sleep quality. Therefore, using this method is recommended.

SLEEP, SENIORS

Improving Sleep Quality in Older Adults: Foot Reflexology or Warm Footbath? A Single-Blind, 6-Week Intervention, Two Group, Randomized Comparative Study. By Şefika Dilek Güven. J Gerontol Nurs. 2022 Mar; 48(3):17-22. PMID: 35201924 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20220209-03

According to current findings, both interventions improved sleep quality in older adults.

SLEEP, PRURITIS, WEIGHT GAIN, AURICULAR ACUPRESSURE, HAEMODIALYSIS

Efficacy of auricular acupressure in maintenance haemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. By Ting Yang, Shurui Wang, Xiaohong Zhang, Lirong Liu, Yanhui Liu, Chunmei Zhang. Pub. by J Clin Nurs. 2022 Mar;31(5-6):508-519.. PMID: 34268817 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15966.

The meta-analysis results indicated that auricular acupressure had a positive efficacy in maintenance haemodialysis patients to improve sleep disorders, pruritus and daily net weight gain (%). But the results should be treated conservatively on account of the low quality of included studies. Future researchers need to conduct more high-quality, large sample, multi-centre randomised controlled studies to provide a solid basis to demonstrate of the efficacy of auricular acupressure in maintenance haemodialysis patients.

PAIN, ANXIETY, SLEEP, FATIGUE, HEMODIALYSIS

Effect of Complementary and Integrative Treatments on Fatigue Symptoms in Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review. By Melek Yeşil Bayülgen, Meral Gün. Holist Nurs Pract. 2022 Jan-Feb 01; 36(1):17-27. PMID: 34783697 DOI: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000489

In the literature, acupressure, aromatherapy, reflexology, massage, and yoga practice were found to be applied to hemodialysis patients and be effective in reducing pain and anxiety as well as improving sleep quality. It is recommended that these methods be included in the routine clinical care of patients receiving hemodialysis.

NAUSEA-VOMITING, SLEEP QUALITY, LUNG CANCER, CHEMOTHERAPY

The Impact of Foot Reflexology on Nausea-Vomiting and Sleep Quality for Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy in Turkey. By Pekmezci H, Hintistan S. Pub. by Cyprus J Med Sci 2022;7(5):614-622

Foot reflexology was found to be an effective method in reducing sleep problems together with the experience, formation and distress of nausea and vomiting for those patients with lung cancer who were receiving chemotherapy

2021

SLEEP, SENIORS, AURICULAR ACUPRESSURE

The effects of auricular acupressure on the sleep of the elderly using polysomnography, actigraphy and blood test: Randomized, single-blind, sham control. By Juyon Min, Bomi Kim, Hyojung Park. Pub. by Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021 Nov:45:101464. PMID: 34352596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101464

Auricular acupressure applied for eight weeks was found to be effective in increasing Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep stage 3 duration and Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep stage 3 ratio among sleep stages of the elderly. Consequently, it showed that auricular acupressure can be used as a proven nursing intervention method for sleep disorder in elders to increase deep sleep duration and ratio.

ANXIETY, PAIN, SLEEP QUALITY, BURN PATIENTS

The effect of reflexology massage and passive music therapy intervention before burn dressing on pain, anxiety level and sleep quality. By A Kabuk, M Şendir, G Filinte. Burns. 2021 Oct 30; S0305-4179(21)00299-0. PMID: 34955298 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.10.012

Our results showed reflexology massage and passive music therapy before burn dressing reduced pain and anxiety level, and increased sleep quality.

DELIRIUM, SLEEP, PAIN, CARDIAC SURGERY

The effect of foot reflexology massage on delirium and sleep quality following cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial. By Ahmad Fazlollah, Hosein Babatabar Darzi, Esmail Heidaranlu, Seyed Tayeb Moradian. Complement Ther Med. 2021 Aug; 60:102738. PMID: 34029674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102738

Foot reflexology was not effective in reducing delirium and improving the sleep quality, but the pain intensity was decreased. It seems that the precise pathology and predicting model of delirium should be identified, and appropriate interventions should be planned accordingly.

BLOOD PRESSURE, SLEEP QUALITY, FOOT MASSAGE, WOMEN

The influence of foot and back massage on blood pressure and sleep quality in females with essential hypertension: a randomized controlled study. By Gürcan Arslan, Özlem Ceyhan, Mukadder Mollaoğlu. J Hum Hypertens. 2021 Jul; 35(7):627-637. PMID: 32678299 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0371-z

Foot and back massage was found to be effective in reducing blood pressure and improving sleep quality.

SLEEP DISTURBANCE

Can foot reflexology be a complementary therapy for sleep disturbances? Evidence appraisal through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. By Hui-Chuan Huang, Kee-Hsin Chen, Shu-Fen Kuo, I-Hui Chen. J Adv Nurs. 2021 Apr; 77(4):1683-1697. PMID: 33615535 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14699

The findings suggested that foot reflexology produced significant improvements in sleep disturbances. Foot reflexology is a non-invasive and convenient intervention and regularly receiving foot reflexology can be considered complementary therapy to improve the sleep quality of adults with sleep disturbances.

2020

PAIN, ANXIETY, SLEEP QUALITY, BURN PATIENTS

The effect of foot reflexology massage on burn-specific pain anxiety and sleep quality and quantity of patients hospitalized in the burn intensive care unit (ICU). By Reza Alinia-Najjar, Masoumeh Bagheri-Nesami, Seyed Afshin Shorofi Seyed Nouraddin Mousavinasab, Kiarash Saatchi. Burns. 2020 Dec; 46(8):1942-1951. PMID: 32873443 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.04.035

Based on the results, foot reflexology massage can effectively reduce pain anxiety levels and improve sleep quality and quantity of patients with burn injuries; therefore, this non- pharmacological therapeutic method is recommended to be used in the burn ICUs.

DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, SLEEP,

Effect of Foot Reflexology Intervention on Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality in Adults: A Meta-Analysis and Metaregression of Randomized Controlled Trials. By Wang WL, Hung HY, Chen YR, Chen KH, Yang SN, Chu CM, Chan YY. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: 15 Sep 2020, 2020:2654353
DOI: 10.1155/2020/2654353 PMID: 33014101 PMCID: PMC7512096.

Foot reflexology may provide additional nonpharmacotherapy intervention for adults suffering from depression, anxiety, or sleep disturbance. However, high quality and rigorous design RCTs in specific population, along with an increase in participants, and a long-term follow-up are recommended in the future.

PAIN, FATIGUE, SLEEP, KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION SURGERY

Effect of Foot Reflexology on Pain, Fatigue, and Quality of Sleep after Kidney Transplantation Surgery: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial. By Atena Samarehfekri , Mahlagha Dehghan , Mansoor Arab, Mohammad Reza Ebadzadeh. Pub. by Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 Aug 1;2020:5095071. PMID: 32831868 PMCID: PMC7421603 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5095071

Foot reflexology may reduce pain and fatigue and improve sleep quality of patients after kidney transplantation.

SLEEP, CAM INTERVENTIONS, INTENSIVE CARE PATIENTS

Effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine interventions for sleep quality in adult intensive care patients: A systematic review. By Marie Cooke, Marita Ritmala-Castrén, Toni Dwan, Marion Mitchell. Pub. by International Journal of Nursing Studies, Volume 107, July 2020, 103582, ISSN 0020-7489, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103582.

Complementary and alternative medicine interventions, in particular, melatonin and music, have shown promise for improving sleep in adults with critical conditions; however, further research that addresses the limitations of small sample sizes and improved techniques for measuring sleep is needed.

SLEEP, ANXIETY, CANCER CAREGIVERS

Effect of reflexology on anxiety and sleep of informal cancer caregiver: Randomized controlled trial. By İsmail Toygar, Öznur Usta Yeşilbalkan, Yasemin Güzel Malseven Esra Sönmez Pub. by Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020 May;39:101143. PMID: 32379631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101143

Foot reflexology was found as an effective intervention to reduce anxiety and improve the quality of sleep of informal cancer caregivers. The effect of placebo on reducing the anxiety of informal caregivers was found, but it wasn't as effective as reflexology.

SLEEP,

P-1359 - The Impact of Foot Reflexology on Sleep Induction in Patients Suffering From Sleeping Disorders. By R. Véron, C. Balestra, C. Berlémont, J.-P. Lanquart and F. Jurysta. Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 April 2020.

According to the patients′ feelings, FR induced an improved sleep quality, while the polygraph measures showed no change. This suggests that FR stimulates endogenous factors causing a feeling of well-being and comfort in those patients.

2019

FATIGUE, PAIN, SLEEP, LYMPHOMA

The effect of foot reflexology on fatigue, pain, and sleep quality in lymphoma patients: A clinical trial. By Masoume Rambod, Nilofar Pasyar, Mohammad Shamsadini. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2019 Dec; 43:101678. PMID: 31669916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.101678

The results showed that reflexology could reduce fatigue and pain and improve the quality of sleep in patients with lymphoma. Considering the effectiveness of reflexology in lymphoma patients, healthcare workers including nurses are recommended to use this complementary therapy to reduce fatigue and pain and improve sleep quality in lymphoma patients.

ANXIETY, SLEEP, AGITATION, CRITICALLY ILL ADULTS

Could complementary health approaches improve the symptom experience and outcomes of critically ill adults? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. By Susan E Thrane, Katie Hsieh, Paige Donahue, Alai Tan, Matthew C Exline, Michele C Balas. Complement Ther Med. 2019 Dec; 47:102166. PMID: 31780011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.07.025

There were statistically significant improvements in pain (music, nature based sounds (NBSs)), anxiety (music, NBSs, aromatherapy, massage, reflexology), agitation (NBSs, reflexology), sleep (music, aromatherapy, reflexology), level of arousal (music, massage), and duration of mechanical ventilation (music, reflexology). Evidence suggests complementary health approaches may reduce the symptom burden of critically ill adults.

SLEEP, CANCER

Integrative Approaches for Sleep Health in Cancer Survivors. By Garland, Sheila N. PhD∗†; Mahon, Kaitlyn BSc∗; Irwin, Michael R. MD. Pub. by The Cancer Journal 25(5):p 337-342, 9/10 2019. | DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000398

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, mindfulness-based therapies, qigong/tai chi, and acupuncture have the most evidence for improving sleep and insomnia, whereas yoga, acupressure, massage, and reflexology are still being investigated or building their evidence base.

SLEEP, FATIGUE, CANCER, CHEMOTHERAPY

The effects of sleep hygiene education and reflexology on sleep quality and fatigue in patients receiving chemotherapy. By Leyla Zengin, Rukuye Aylaz. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2019 May; 28(3):e13020. PMID: 30784127 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13020.

The patients receiving chemotherapy had lower mean scores from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Fatigue Severity Scale while they had increased sleep quality and decreased fatigue after sleep hygiene education and reflexology.

2018

PAIN, SLEEP, ANXIETY, MILITARY PATIENTS

The Benefits of Reflexology for the Chronic Pain Patient in a Military Pain Clinic. By Connie Kern, Amy McCoart, Thomas Beltran, Michael Martoszek. Pub. by J. Spec. Oper. Med. 2018 Winter;18(4):103-105. PMID: 30566732 DOI: 10.55460/HE83-7LY7

There is evidence that reflexology is therapeutic for many conditions, to include sleep and anxiety, both of which can be comorbidity in the patient with chronic pain. There is a lack of evidence on the use of reflexology with chronic pain patients receiving multidisciplinary pain care.

PAIN, FATIGUE, SLEEP, QUALITY OF LIFE, BREAST CANCER

The Effect of Reflexology on the Pain-Insomnia-Fatigue Disturbance Cluster of Breast Cancer Patients During Adjuvant Radiation Therapy. By Ricardo Tarrasch, Narin N Carmel-Neiderman, Sarah Ben-Ami, Bella Kaufman, Raphi Pfeffer, Merav Ben-David, Dorit Gamus. J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Jan; 24(1):62-68. PMID: 28440664 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0023

The results of the present study indicate that reflexology may have a positive effect on fatigue, quality of sleep, pain, and quality of life in breast cancer patients during radiation therapy. Reflexology prevented the decline in quality of life and significantly ameliorated the fatigue and quality of sleep of these patients. An encouraging trend was also noted in amelioration of pain levels.

2017

SLEEP, RELAXATION, BRAIN WAVES

Reflexology and polysomnography: Changes in cerebral wave activity induced by reflexology promote N1 and N2 sleep stages. By Esmel-Esmel N., Tomás-Esmel E., Tous-Andreu M., Bové-Ribé A., Jiménez- Herrera M.. May 2017 Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. DOI:10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.05.003

The application of reflexology induces changes in the activity of brain waves in correspondence with the appearance of a high degree of sleepiness and sleep (N1 and N2 NREM sleep). There is a gradual transition and an orderly progression from wakefulness to sleep, which could explain the effects of relaxation and well-being obtained with this method, as well as many other benefits.

FATIGUE, SLEEP, PAIN, QUALITY OF LIFE, RADIATION THERAPY, BREAST CANCER, WOMEN

The Effect of Reflexology on the Pain-Insomnia-Fatigue Disturbance Cluster of Breast Cancer Patients During Adjuvant Radiation Therapy. By Ricardo Tarrasch, Narin Nard Carmel Neiderman, Sarah Ben-Ami, Bella Kaufman. April 2017 Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) 24(1). DOI:10.1089/acm.2017.0023.

PAIN, ANXIETY, SLEEP

Reflexology’s Effect on Fibromyalgia - A Case Study. By Mary Antonia Creamer, BA, LMT Certified Hand & Foot Reflexologist. Pub. by the Academy of Ancient Reflexology. Feb. 2017. https://academyofancientreflexology.com/

Subject reported feeling better for only one day following the first session. Starting the second week, she got such a burst of energy after the treatment that she got a lot of work done the day of the treatment, and this continued for the duration. The most noticeable improvement was in the subjective areas of mood. Her anxiety disappeared, and areas of discomfort she daily indicated on a figure shrank and grew fewer. Sleep improved slightly, although sleeping through the night did not. “Waking up refreshed” stayed the same throughout the study.

2016

SLEEP, ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Comparing the Effect of Foot Reflexology Massage, Foot Bath and Their Combination on Quality of Sleep in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. By Rahmani A, Naseri M, Salaree MM, Nehrir B. Pub. by J Caring Sci. 2016 Dec 1;5(4):299-306. doi: 10.15171/jcs.2016.031. PMID: 28032074; PMCID: PMC5187550.

It can be concluded that the intervention of foot bath and massage are effective in reducing sleep disorders and there was a synergistic effect when used in combination. This complementary care method can be recommended to be implemented by CCU nurses.

BACK MASSAGE, FATIGUE, SLEEP QUALITY, HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

The effect of foot reflexology and back massage on hemodialysis patients' fatigue and sleep quality. By Kevser Sevgi Unal, Reva Balci Akpinar. Pub. by Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. Volume 24, August 2016, Pages 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.06.004

Foot reflexology and back massage were shown to improve the sleep quality and reduce the fatigue of hemodialysis patients. Compared to back massage, foot reflexology was determined to be more effective.

MIGRAINE HEADACHES, SLEEP, MENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS, QUALITY OF LIFE

Reflexology for Migraine Headaches - A Case Study. By Julie Wesling, Certified Hand & Foot Reflexologist. Pub. by Academy of Ancient Reflexology. Jan. 2016 www.AcademyofAncientReflexology.com

Weekly reflexology sessions were successful in reducing pain levels for this migraine sufferer. The case study subject went from missing 1+ days of work per month to missing zero days of work. The subject also reported increased duration and quality of sleep, an improved outlook (decreased irritability), and decreased severity in menstrual symptoms. The positive outcomes noted in this case study support further research into the use of reflexology to help migraine sufferers reduce symptoms, cope with symptoms, reduce time lost at work, and improve quality of life.

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE, SLEEP, PAIN,

Reflexology, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Sleep - A Case Study. By Leigh Baker, DNP, ARNP, LMT Certified Hand & Foot Reflexologist. Pub. by Academy of Ancient Reflexology. Jan. 2016.

There was a positive change (decrease in scores) in morning mood after the reflexology sessions began and this trend continued through the study. There was also a decrease in complaints of back pain once the reflexology sessions began. During the baseline period, the participant complained of a racing heart and vaginal pain. These complaints resolved after the sessions started. Caution should be used when using this modality for sleep improvement and awareness of the time of day of sessions are given is a reasonable consideration for the reflexology therapist.

PARKINSON’S DISEASE, BACK PAIN, SLEEP

Reflexology and Parkinson’s disease - A Case Study. By Erica Blinkhorn, LMT Certified Hand & Foot Reflexologist. Pub. by Academy of Ancient Reflexology. Jan 2016 www.AcademyofAncientReflexology.com

The subject reported a decrease in her level of back pain and told me that with less activity comes less pain. Although she still cannot be on her feet for very long, she shared that her endurance was better than when we started and she can perform more of her daily actions before having to rest. She cheerfully reported that she still wakes up almost every night, because she “just don’t get sleepy.” However, the frequency of her doing so has decreased as well. She felt that she was more mobile, and she had fewer cramps in her hands and feet and almost no cramps at all since her fourth week in the study.

PAIN, SLEEP, POST CAESAREAN MOTHERS

Effect of Foot Reflexology on Post Operative Pain and Sleep among Post Caesarean Mothers. By Deepshikha, Vibha. Pub. by International Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2016, Volume : 4, Issue : 4. 441 - 444. Print ISSN : 2347-8640. Online ISSN : 2454-2660. Article DOI : 10.5958/2454-2660.2016.00081.8

The findings of the study support the need of implementing foot reflexology to reduce post operative pain and improve sleep among post caesarean mothers. Foot reflexology is a non pharmacological, cost effective and simple intervention without any adverse effects. The results proved that the foot reflexology was effective in reducing the level of post operative pain and improving sleep.

2015

SENIORS, SLEEP

Comparing the Effects of Reflexology and Footbath on Sleep Quality in the Elderly: A Controlled Clinical Trial. By Leila Valizadeh, Alehe Seyyedrasooli, Vahid Zamanazadeh, and Khadijeh Nasiri. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015 Nov; 17(11): e20111. PMCID: PMC4698132 PMID: 26734475

It is suggested that the training of nonpharmacological methods to improve sleep quality such as reflexology and foot bath be included in the elderly health programs. In addition, it is recommended that the impact of these interventions on subjective sleep quality using polysomnographic recordings be explored in future research.

PAIN, SLEEP, VITAL SIGNS, FATIGUE, LIVER DISEASE/TRANSPLANT

Reflexology after End-Stage Liver Disease and Liver Transplant - A Case Study. By Cristina Posse, PHD, OTR/L Florida-licensed occupational therapist OT13544 Certified Hand & Foot Reflexologist. Pub. by the Academy of Ancient Reflexology. https://academyofancientreflexology.com/

The nature of this case study renders results that are only descriptive and subjective and no causality or correlation can be assumed. However, upon final interview, subject reported he felt very relaxed when getting home after sessions; he also said “it kind of helped my thinking” when referring to increased sharpness for playing chess in two opportunities – one with brother and one online match. Vital signs records and pain levels before and after sessions were mostly decreased. Sleep quality did not have noticeable changes, nor did fatigue or mood changes, but more studies are needed to determine statistical significance of the effects of reflexology on these variables for differ populations.

2013

BOWEL MOVEMENTS, SLEEP, APPETITE, ENERGY LEVELS, DIZZY SPELLS

Reflexology and the Affects on Marfan Syndrome - A Case Study. By Ken Cook Florida-licensed massage therapist MA69745, Certified Hand & Foot Reflexologist. Pub. by the Academy of Ancient Reflexology.

Reflexology helped improve several areas of concern for the client. While some improvements were immediate, others improved over various sessions. She experienced positive changes with bowel movements, sleeping habits, appetite, energy levels, and cessation of dizzy spells. The results of this study are promising but it’s not possible to say from one case study what the affects would be on a larger population of people with Marfan syndrome.

2011

FATIGUE, SLEEP, PAIN

Ef fects of foot reflexology on fatigue, sleep and pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. By Jeongsoon Lee, Misook Han, Younghae Chung, Jinsun Kim, Jungsook Choi. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2011 Dec;41(6):821-33. PMID: 22310867 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2011.41.6.821

This meta-analysis indicates that foot reflexology is a useful nursing intervention to relieve fatigue and to promote sleep. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of foot reflexology on outcome variables other than fatigue, sleep and pain.

2009

INSOMNIA

Acupuncture and reflexology for insomnia: a feasibility study. By Ciara M Hughes, Carey A McCullough, Ian Bradbury, Carol Boyde, Diane Hume, Jiang Yuan, Fionnuala Quinn, Suzanne M McDonough. Acupunct Med. 2009 Dec; 27(4):163-8. PMID: 19942722 DOI: 10.1136/aim.2009.000760.

This study has demonstrated the feasibility of conducting an RCT on the effect of acupuncture and reflexology in primary insomnia using PSQI as the primary outcome measure. Modifications for a more rigorous study design have been discussed. Results from such a study would address the lack of high-quality evidence for the effectiveness of such therapies.

2007

FATIGUE, SLEEP, WOMEN

Effects of Self-foot Reflexology on Fatigue and Sleep States in Women Nurses. By Ko, YS., Park, MK., Korean J Women Health Nurs. 2007 Mar; 13(1):21-27.

Self-foot reflexology was found to decrease fatigue and increase sleep states in clinical nurses. However, more intensive study is needed to verify to be effective.

2002

SLEEP, RESPIRATORY, DIGESTION, CHILDREN

Analysis of the Effect of Reflexotherapy on Preserving Children’s Health. By Xiaoquan, W. 2002 China Reflexology Symposium Report, pages 43-44.

The results showed that reflexology health-care improved appetite and sleep to the children markedly. Growth of the children was accelerated both in terms of height and weight. Incidence of Upper Respiratory tract infection was lower in the Reflexology Group and the duration of the illness was shorter. The result also showed that the incidence of digestive problems was lower in the Reflexology Group compared to the Control Group and the duration of the illness was shorter.

1998

WELL-BEING, SLEEP, PAIN, CATHETER REMOVAL, WOMEN

Foot reflexology: an intervention study. [Article in German]. By A Kesselring, E Spichiger, M Müller. Pflege. 1998 Aug; 11(4):213-8. PMID: 9775925

Results show that women in the foot reflexology group were more able to void without problems, after the indwelling catheter had been removed, than did women in the comparison groups. There was also a tendency in the foot reflexology group for the indwelling catheter to be removed earlier than in the other groups. In comparison, the foot reflexology subjects slept worse than the others. Foot massage showed significant results in subjective measurements of well-being, pain and sleep.

1994

FATIGUE, SLEEP, MUSCLE SORENESS,

Foot Reflex Zone Massage in Recovery of Fatigue in Athletes. By Liu, J., and Zhang, J., 1994 China Reflexology Symposium Report, Beijing: China Reflexology Association, pages 98-99.

Foot reflexology was found to be effective for the relief of fatigue and muscle soreness in athletes undergoing regular training.

1993

NEUROSISM (NERVOUS EXHAUSTION), INSOMNIA, HEADACHES

Foot reflexology in neurosism: Clinical Observation of 20 cases. By Duan Shuang-Feng. 1993 China Reflexology Symposium Report, Beijing, China Reflexology Association.

The results were quite remarkable: 40% experienced complete ‘cure’, further 35% had greatly improved, and a further 15% had mildly improved. Only 10% showed no change at all to the treatment.